Lock mechanism



LOCK MECHANISM Filed April 22, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 nuenko'c M 6'-i'wllezvlove M CLELLAN 'c g. FULLENLOVE LUCK MECHANISI Filed April 22,.1926 2 sheeta-Sheez 2 spar...

EEK

1 25 similiniiniui M C. i'ulienla I ve Patented June 21, 1927. I I Y Z Xilnrraan ,s;r-A T E s riana en ece.

:MccLELLAnc. .FULLENLOVE, 0n-Tonnn'QoHm,assrenon or onnennnrmo PERITZJACOB, or 'r.onnno,=omo.

'LocK. MECHANISM.

. Application filed April 22,1926. Serial K051033925.

This'inventionrelates to an improvement anism is not dependable, for-itsoperation, in lock mechanisms and more particularly primarily upon theactuation of mechanical to a lock mechanisnrfor use-in connection partswhich are subject to idisarrange nent. with safe locks to preventrotation of the In the accompanying. drawings:

5 spindle for the bolt retracting mechanism of 7 Figure 1 isa plan viewof the safety-lock- 60 such a loclzrin the event'of-an incorrectmaingmechanism embodying the invention innipulation of the tumbler dialoran attempt stalledupon a safe door, parts being shown to break off thesaid dial by force, or an atin section. j tempt to. blow the safeordrill thedoor'there- Figure 2 isayertical transverse sectional 1 of, andwhile theinvention is primarily deview taken substantially on theline2-2 5 signed for usein this connection, it may of Figure 1, looking inthefldirectionindibe employed-wherever it is desired topre- *cajte'd bythe arrows, the parts beingshown vent unlicensed"movement of a rotary or-*on.-an'enlarged-'scale. slidable part. I y 1 Figure 3i-s a Viewsimilar to Figure 2, but

15 More specifically, it is one oi the-objects illustrating the parts inthepositionswhich of the present invention to provide looking they willassume upon destruction of the mechanism interposedbetween the tumblersvacuum in the vacuum chamber. ofa safe locknnd' the spindleJEor the.bolt' Figure i'is a vertical transverse sectional retracting devicesand-constructed to be'ac-' view taken-substantially on F the line 4-4:

tuat-ed through iimyropemanipulation of of-Figure-Q," lookingr nthewdirection indi- I A-l I tumbler dial to enect the automatic PTOJQC-cated by the arrows.

ti'on of a locking member into engagement in =--Figure 5: 1s ahorizontal sectional View a seat in the said spindle so as topreventtaken substantially on the lii1e-5 5. of Figrotation of the spindlethrough thepmanipu- *ure 2 ,"-l0oking" 1n the directionindicated bysai'd'bolt retracting devices, -so"that-' one un- In the drawings, thenumeral 1 indicates "tamiliarwvitlr the combinationor the-"lock ingeneral a safe door mounted in the usual for the safe and attemptingtod'etermine the' m'anner "in thedoor opening in the front combinationby manipulation of the tumbler wan '2 'of the -safe, and except .in a.certain dialf'will "fail, to-accomplislrthis result! respect to bepresently explained, the door Another C'bject ofTtheinveiition* isto sois of the "ordinary 1 construction; The construct the"locking'mechanismfor thesaidfnunieral 3 indicates the dial knobfor adjustbolt retractingspindle as toge ffectpro j eotion iiig the tumblers-oi the ordinary lockmechof the locking element intoengagementwitlv anism and which tum-blersarerindicated by the spindle in theevent'any'attempt is made rheimii1eral= 4i, andthe: numeralb indicates so to forciblydisturbthe-tumbler dial ondrill the spi-ncllezwhichzsupports rand coactswith the door of the-safe, or open-the'door'by the mechanisnnforkretracting the locking the use ofexplosives. bolts-Which; however;arenotshown as they Satety' locking mechanismsde'signed for{Constitutefno i-part-oi' the; present, invention. the .'-purpose of"preventing 'surreptitiousi lie spindle5*is provided'at the exterior ofopening of safedoorsfareordinarily of a t-he dooi' w ith the usualhandle Gwhereby it fpurely mechanical nature 'and are not ;al-" -may berocked in:it s bearingin theidoor to ways eilicient and, therefore;it'is a f-urther l actuate t-h'esaid bolt retractingdevices. The objectof the; present invention to provide tumblers-4 do not 'difierifromnthe.ordinary vacuum "chamber; a fluid-tight 'expansible vided"in=itsperipheryfwith a notch; 7 supand co-ntractible actuatingunit withinthe'jplemental to 'thle'in'otch which is; to receive chamber "containing agaseous fluidancl-nor the headof:theusualfllocking lever: ofthe.inallytexpanded through thesustained ex --lock-mechanism(not shown) andthe next to pansio'n of the fluid due to-the pr e's'sure' 'difadjacent"tumbler-is provided inxitsrperiph- 105 ference betweentheifiuidfih-dtlie vacuumf ery witha siniilarnotch- 8. uThe numeral 9and means actuated through contracti'on of i-ndicates a' detentwwhicli':I-iS mounted for the said'unit npon destructionbfthefiracockingunovement between its ends upon a. uuin, for effecting actuationof the-looliin'g pivot pin 10 in'ounted upon'rthezinneie side of elementof the mechanism, "so that the m-ech the' door 1- and is pron "lation'of the handlet-hereof, to act'uate the the arrows. .80

mechai'iism""of' this class embodying a tumblers 'exceptthat-therearmostone ispro- 100 filed atone endzwith a 11 LII ' head of the loci:

lug 11 designed to enter the notches 7 and 8 in the two tumbler discswhen the said tumbler discs are in position with their notchessubstantially in registration. The purpose of the detent 9 willpresently be eX- plained but at this point it may be stated that thenotch 8, as shown in Figure 1, is located at such point on the peripheryofthe respective tumbler disc that while, when the notch 7 is beneaththe lug 11 of the detent,

and the dial is at such time in the position necessary to eiiect thepositioning of the tumbler disc to bring the oth r or usual not-ch ofthe disc into position to receive the rig lever of the lock mechanism,the said notch 8 will be slightly out of registration with the notch 7and, there fore, the lug-11 will engage the periphery of the tumblerdisc in which the said notch 8 is formed and will be prevented fromentering the notch 7. However, it is contemplated that rotation of thetumbler adjusting dial past the proper position to bring the usual notchof the tumbler disc in which the notch 8 is formed, into position toreceive the head of the locking lover of the lock mechanism, will soposition the last mentioned tumbler disc that the lug 11 may enter thenotches 7 and 8, these notches being at such time in substantialregistration or opposite each other. A spring 12 is mounted at one endupon a pin 13 upon the inner side of the door of the safe and bearsbetween a stop pin 14 and the upper side of the detent 9 at that end ofthe detent at which the lug 11 is located, and this spring yieldablyholds the said lug of the detent in contact with the peripheries of thetumbler discs.

The numeral 15 indicates in general a vacuum chamber which is securelymounted upon the inner side of the door of the safe and comprises a rearwall 16, a front wall 17, end walls 18 and 19, a top 20, and a bottomThis chamber is exhausted of air so that a vacuum created therein, andthe chamber is, of course, hermetically sealed. A thin frangible plate22, of glass or other frangible material, is mounted and sealed in anopening :23 in the top of the vacuum chamber. The numeral 24: indicatesa percussion member which is pivotally mounted upon a pin 25 fixed uponthe inner side of the safe door or suitably mounted upon the top of thevacuum chamber, as may be preferred, and a spring 26 is coiled about thepin 25 and is connected at one end to the said pin and at its other endis engaged, as at 27, behind one edge of the said percussion member, asbest shown in Figure 2 of the drawings. The percussion member isprovided its free end with a tooth 28, and the un der side of the detent9, at the end opposite its end which carries the lug 11, is formed witha notch 29 in which the said tooth is normally engaged, as shown in thesaid Figure 2, so that so long as the lug 11 is in engagement with thetin-notched peripheral portions of the tumbler discs, the detent will beheld in such position as to restrain the percussion member from rotativemovement about the pivot pin 25 under the influence of the spring 26.Near its toothed end 28, the percussion member is provided with apiercing point indicated by the numeral 30 and the parts are so arrangedthat at the instant the lug 1.1 engages in the notches 7 and 8 in thetumbler di cs, the spring 12 will act to rock the detent about its pivotpin and dis engage i from the toothed endL of thepercussion member,whereupon said member will be sharply swung about its pivot and itspiercing point- 30 will be driven through the frangible element 22.

chamber 15, thus deitroying the vacuun I this produces a result whichwill be made clear after the following description of certain mechanismwhich is enclosed within the vacuum chamber. 1

The spindle 5, through the rotative movement of which the devices forretracting the locking bolts of the lock are actuated, does not differfrom the ordinary spindle except that it is provided in one side andopposite the end wall 8 of the vacuum chamber, with a socket 31 which,when the spindle is in normal position, directly opposes the said endwall of the vacuum chamber and is located directly opposite a small paneof glass or other frangible material indicated by the numeral 32, whichis sealed in a fluid-tight manner, in an opening 33 in the said end wall18 of the casing. A locking bolt 34 is slidably mounted in suitablebearings 35 upon the rear wall 16 of the chamber and has one endengaging or substantially engaging against the inner side of thefrangible pane 32 and the said bolt is provided at its other end with alug 36 or other stop element for engagement with the adjacent one of thebearings 35 to limit the movement of the bolt. At this point it will beevident that when a blow is struck against the lug-carrying end of thebolt it will be shifted laterally, fracturing the frangible element 32and in this manner its outer end will be projected into the socket 31 soas to effectually prevent rotative movement of the spindle 5 andactuation of the devices for retractingthe looking bolts of the safelock. The numeral 37 indicates a percussion member which is rotatablymounted at on end upon a pin 38 within the vacuum chamber and a spring39 is arranged upon the said pin 38 and coacts with the said percussionmember 37 to sharply and forcibly swing the said member upwardly and tothe left in Figure 2, to strike against the end of the locking bolt 34and cause shifting movement of the said bolt in At this moment therewill be an inrush of air into the vacuum and the manner abo'va'expnmedto cause its other 1 end to'engage'in the socket 31 in the spindle 5.,The percussion member37 isnorlnally held in an inactiveposition.throughthe jrnefdiuin of a detent which s indicated ingeneral bythe numeral Land which sniounted I between its ends upon a pivot-phi'l andnorimallyas'sunies the position shown in Figure 2,in which position itslower end will engage over the freeendf'of the percussionmember 37 tohold the inember nor'ni'ally 1n the position ShOWIIlIl the 'said figure.A stop p n 42 is preferably arranged within the Vacuum chamber 'an'disengaged by one'side of the det-ent above the pivot else that normallyt-hedetent will assume a defini'te position preferably provided withcircumfeiieintial corrugations d5 whereby will have a tendency tocontractafter'eXpansion, the saidtubular body being connected in anair-tight nannerat one endto 'a head ttjwhich fixedly nounted within the(vacuum chamber adjacent the end 'w'all'18 thereof. The other end of thetubular member is connected in an airtight manner 'witha heads?" towhich is'secured' oneend of astem 4:8 which works 'slida'bly throughopenings in bearmgs 49 fixed within the vacuum"chamber. The end 'sion ischiefly in a 'longitudinalfdire L that a longitudinal thrust 1se-xertedagainst of the stem 4E8 which is remote from the head 47 isprovidedfwithan o-peni'ng into which the upper end of the detent 40'projects; At

this po'int it will be evident that inasmuch as theltubulargbody of theactuatiug"unit contains a'jvolu'me of airfa'nd is hermetically sea'l-edandthethamber 15 evacuated of "air, the said body will be norn allyexpanded against its tendency to contract'and due to the or'ovisio-n ofthe corru ations inanion so the stem 18" soas to hold thedetent' lO inthe "active position showni'n Figure How-. ever, when the frangible pane22 1s fractured by the pierc ng. point 30 of the'percussion member 24;and air is permitted to enter the sa d chambeig'the ,body'etwillcontract and a pull will be exerted upon thethe'stem 48 to rock thedetentidsubstantially to the po- 'sition shown in Figure 3, therebydisengaging its lower endffrom' the perc'ussionn ember 8? undperi'nitti'ng the spring :89 to actuate this member to cause the same'to strike against the inner end of the locking bolt 34,

, fracture the frangible"element 32 "and project the outer end of thelockingl bolt into the socket '31, thereby effectually locking-the Tresets? gascousfiuid r pended through the 'sus dill-8C1 expansion "of"thefluid, due to the pressur'e difference bespin'dlei 5 againstrotation: lnthis' latter pd rest: against a stop pin 51 arranged jwithin the Vacuum chamber opposite tlie-p1n42.

It will be understood of' course, 'that the "actuating" 'Inember '43may; be of some construction other than that'illustrated 'in thedrawings and above described, so long'as it is expansible andcontractibleand contains a,

on as an 1nd isnorn'ially extween the fluid and the 'vacu'umwithinthechamber. e

As previously stated, the invention contemplates the provision of meansfor effectv l'ng operat on of the looking l mechanism in the event anattempt-ismade toforcethe tumbler dial 3 from the "door "or otherwiseattempt to open the doorbyforce, andwith this end in view, the door'isprovided with a frontplate 52'whic'h ispr'eferably of the same marginaldimensions as the front of the door and'is slightly outwardly bulgedfrom its marginal portionsso' that'except for its marginal portionsytheplateis slightly spaced from the face of the door, as clearly shown inFigure l of th 'e' drawings, A pane 53 of glass'or'otherfran'giblematerial is sealed in an opening 5forinedin the front wall 17 of thevacuum chamber, and a piercing pin 55'is secured at its outer end to'the inner side of the front plate '52,"as indicated by the numeral56-,"'and extends Lsl'i da bly through an opening 57 formed in the-bodyof'the door, the"inn'er end of the pin'be'ing in contact," orsubstantially in contact with said frangible pane 53: It willnow be evi-"den'tfthat-if force should be exerted against thefrontplate,'-"as*forfexa'mple in an attempt 'to strike the dial '3 from itsspindle or ir an attempt sliould be made to forciblydrill'thro'ughthedoor 'or if'other force is applied'tothe face of thedoor-in anattempt to open the same, the pin 55fwill'be jdrivenrear'wardly through the opening and Will fracture the frangible pane 53,

thereby admitting air in sufficient volume into the vacuum chamber todestroy the vacuum and effect operat on of the mecha 'nism within thesaid chamber to project the bolt 34; to locking position. I

In order that, when the bolt 34c'is pro jected to engage at its end inthe socket 31 and lock the spindle 5 against rotation, an

lalarm may be sounded ai'itoinatically, means is provided which will nowbe described. The said means comprises a pair of spaced contacts 58mounted upon an insulating base 59 preferably located upon the bottom 21of the vacuum chamber, a wire 60 being led from one of the contacts to asource of current, supply indicated by the numeral '6l,"and a wire"62beingded fromthe other contact to one-binding post 'of an'electric'bell63, the

lit:

other binding post of the bell being connected by a wire 64: with theother terminal of the source of current supply. The contacts 58 arelocated in the path of movement of a contact bridging finger 65 whichextends downwardly from the locking bolt 34 and which is designed toenter between the contacts 58 when the saidlocking bolt is struck intoengagement in the socket 31 through impact by the percussion member 37.Therefore, at the time the locking bolt 3a is actuated to lock thespindle 5, an alarm will be sounded.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is:

1. In lock mechanism, a vacuum chamber, a fluid-tight expansible andcontractible actuating unit within the chamber containing a gaseousfluid and normally expanded through the sustained expansion of the fluiddue to the pressure difference between the fluid and the vacuum, alocking member within the chamber supported for projection through awall of the chamber to engage a part to be locked, and means interposedbetween the said actuating unit and the locking member operable toactuate the membe upon contraction of said unit upon the admission ofair into the chamber.

2. in look mechanism, a vacuum chamber, a fluid-tight expansible andcontractible actuating unit within the chamber containing a gaseousfluid and normally expanded through the sustained expansion of the fluiddue to the pressure difference between the fluid and the vacuum, thechamber having an opening in one of its walls, a frangible closure forsaid opening, a locking member within the chamber supported forprojection through the opening to engage a part to be locked, and meansinterposed between the said actuating unit and the said locking memberoperable to actuate the member upon contraction of the said unit uponthe admission of air into the chamber.

3. In lock mechanism, the combination with a permutation loclriucludinga tumbler disc, and the rotatable spindle of the bolt retractingmechanism of said lock, of a vacuum chamber arranged in juxtaposition tothe said disc and spindle, a fluid-tight expansible and contractibleactuating unit within the chamber containing a gaseous fluid andnormally expanded through the sustained expansion of the fluid due tothe pressure difference between the fluid and the vacuum, a lockingmember within the chamber supported for projection through a wall of hechamber to engage the spindle and lock the same against rotation, meansinterposed between said actuating unit and the said locking memberoperable to actuate the member upon contraction of the unit upon theadmission of air into the chamber, and means operable upon rotation ofthe tumblerdisc to a predetermined position, to fracture a portion of awall of the chamber and permit the entrance of air.

4. In lock mechanism, the combination with a permutation lock includinga tumbler disc having a notch in its periphery, and the rotatablespindle of the bolt retracting mechanism of the lock, of a vacuumchamber arranged in juxtaposition to the said disc and spindle, afluid-tight expansible and contractible actuating unit within thechamber containing a gaseous fluid and normally expanded through thesustained expansion of the fluid due to the pressure difierence betweenthe fluid and the vacuum, a locking member within the chamber supportedfor projectiouthrough a wall of the chamber to engage the spindle andlock the same'against rotation, means interposed between the saidactuating unit and said locking member operable to actuate the memberupon contraction of the unit upon admission of air into the chamber, onewall of the chamber haviug a frangible portion, a spring actuatedpercussion member supported for movement to position to fracture saidportion of the wall of the chamber, and a detent for the percussionmember normally restraining the same from such movement and having aportion normally contacting the un-notched portion of the periphery ofthe said tumbler disc and movable to release the percussion member uponengagement of its said portion in the notch of the disc.

5. In lock mechanism the combination with a permutation lock lncludlng atumbler disc having a notch in its periphery, andthe rotatable spindleof the bolt retracting mech anism of the lock, of a vacuum chamberarranged in juxtaposition to the said disc and spindle, a fluid-tightexpansible and contractible actuating unit within the chamber containinga gaseous fluid and normally expanded through the sustained expansion ofthe fluid due to the pressure difference between the fluid and thevacuum, a locking member within the chamber supported for projectionthrough a wall of the chamber to engage the spindle and loc the sameagainst rotation, means interposed between the said actuating unit andsaid locking member operable to actuate the member upon contraction ofthe unit upon admission of air into the chamber, one wall of the chamberhaving a frangible portion, a spring actuated percussion membersupported for movement to position to fracture said portion of the wallof the chamber, a detent for the percussion member normally restrainingthe same from such movement and having a portion normally contacting theun-notched portion of the periphery of the said tumbler disc and movableto release the percussion member upon engagement of its said portion inthe notch of the disc, and a spring coacting with the said detent andyieldably holding the same in active relation to the disc.

6. In lock mechanism, the combination with a permutation lock includinga tumbler disc having a notch in its periphery, and the rotatablespindle of the bolt retracting mechanism of the lock of a vacuum chamberarranged in juxtaposition to the said disc and spindle, a fluid-tightexpansible and contractible actuating unit within the chamber containinga gaseous fluid and normally expanded through the sustained expansion ofthe fluid due to the pressure difference between the fluid and thevacuum, a locking member within the chamber supported for projectionthrough a wall of the chamber to engage the spindle and lock the sameagainst rotation, means interposed between the said actuating unit andthe said locking member operable to actuate the member upon contractionof the unit upon the admission of air into the chamber, the

said chamber having an opening in one wall, afrangible closure for theopening, a percussion member mounted for movement to position tofracture the said closure, a spring urging the said member to suchposition, a pivoted detent having a portion at one side of its pivotcontacting the periphery of the said tumbler ing a tooth at the otherside of its pivot to engage the said percussion member and retain thesame in an inactive position, the engagement of the said portion of thedetent in the notch in the tumbler disc permitting movement of thedetent to release the percussion member, and means yieldably holding thedetent in engagement with the disc.

7. In lock mechanism, a vacuum chamber, a fluid-tight expansible andcontractible actuating unit within the chamber containing a gaseousfluid and normally expanded through the sustained expansion of the fluiddue to the pressure difference between the fluid and the vacuum, alocking member within the chamber supported for projection through awall of the chamber to engage a part to be locked, means interposedbetween the said actuating unit and the said locking member operable toactuate the member upon contraction of the said unit upon the admissionof air into the chamber, the said means comprising a percussion member,means urging the same for percussive contact with the locking member toactuate the same, and a detent coacting with the percussion member tomaintain the same in inactive position and operatively condisc, the saiddetent hav-' nected with the actuating unit, for move ment thereby torelease position.

8. In lock mechanism, a vacuum chamher, a fluid-tight expansible andcontractible actuating unit within the chamber containing a gaseousfluid and normally expanded through the sustained expansion of the fluiddue to the pressure difference between the fluid and the vacuum, alocking member within the chamber supported for projection through awall of the chamber to engage a part to be locked, and means interposedbetween the said actuating unit and the said locking'member operable toactuate the member upon contractionv of the said unit upon the admissionof air into the chamber, the said means comprising a percussion memberpivoted for swinging move ment in the direction of the locking memherfor percussive contact therewith, a spring urging the percussion memberin such direction, a pivoted detent engaging at one end with the saidpercussion member to maintainthe same in inactive position, andoperative connection between the other end of the detent and the saidactuating unit.

9. In lock mechanism, the combination with a door to be locked, andlocking mechanism for the door including a movable actuating element, ofa face plate upon the face of the door having a portion spacedtherefrom, avacuum chamber upon the inner face of the door, afluid-tight expansible and contractible actuating unit within thechamber containing a gaseous fluid and normally expanded through thesustained expansion of the fluid due to the pressure difference betweenthe fluid and the vacuum, a locking member within the chamber sup portedfor projection through a wall of the chamber to engage the said movableactuating element of the doorlocking mechanism, to prevent movementthereof, means interposed between the said actuating unit and the saidlocking member operable to actuate the member upon contraction of thesaid unit upon the admission of air into the chamber, the chamber havingan opening therein, a frangible closure for the opening, and aforce-transmitting element slidable through the said door and having oneend resented to the frangible closure and movable in the direction ofthe said frangible closure to fracture the same'upon inward displacementof the face plate of the door in the direction of the door.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

- McCLELLAN C. FULLENLOVE. [L. s.]

